艋舺龍山寺

艋舺龍山寺
http://www.lungshan.org.tw/home.htm

臺北市鄉土教育中心網站
http://hcec.tp.edu.tw

廿四節氣一覽表

廿四節氣一覽表

春雨驚春清谷天，（立春、雨水、驚蟄、春分、清明、穀雨）
　夏滿芒夏兩暑連，（立夏、小滿、芒種、夏至、小暑、大暑） 　秋處露秋寒霜降，（立秋、處署、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降） 　冬雪雪冬小大寒。（立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒）

名稱	解釋	農曆	公曆
立春	表示春天降臨大地，一切活動即將展開	正月初	二月三日至五日
雨水	大地解凍，雨水充沛，是農作全面展開的季節	正月中	二月十八日至二十日
驚蟄	春雷驚醒了冬眠蟄伏的蟲類，所以提醒農民適時種植，注意蟲害	二月初	三月五日至七日
春分	這一天，太陽正好在黃道與赤道的相交點，晝夜一樣長	二月中	三月二十日至廿二日
清明	這是華南多雨的季節，故有“清明時節雨紛紛……”的詩句。清明也是一個祭祖掃墓的日子，代表中華民族慎終追遠的精神	三月初	四月四日至六日
穀雨	乃“雨生百穀”的意思。此時，雨水充沛，正好切合穀物成長的需要	三月中	四月十九日至廿一日
立夏	表示夏季已經開始，春天播種的植物都已長大，所以叫“立夏”	四月初	五月五日至七日
小滿	是指田裏的農作物雖然未全熟，但已經盈滿了的意思；也指距收成尚有一段時日，農民仍然不敢滿心歡喜	四月中	五月二十日至廿二日
芒種	這是穀物生芒結種的季節	五月初	六月五日至七日
夏至	表示夏天到了。這天白晝最長	五月中	六月廿一日至廿二日
小暑	這天氣溫雖然高，但未達炎熱的極點，所以叫“小暑”	六月初	七月六日至八日
大暑	小暑半個月後，氣溫慢慢升高，一天比一天熱，酷熱至極，即是“大暑”	六月中	七月廿二日至廿四日
立秋	這是下半年第一個節氣，也是秋季來臨之時。古代的皇帝在這天有所謂“迎秋”的儀式	七月初	八月七日至九日
處暑	立秋半個月後，會出現一陣秋後的暑熱。這時的炎熱，有人戲說是夏天的“迴光反照”	七月中	八月廿二日至廿四日
白露	陰氣漸重，清晨的露水凝結成白色的水滴，所以叫“白露”	八月初	九月七日至九日
秋分	即秋季的中心點，過了這一天，白晝漸漸短，黑夜漸漸長	八月中	九月廿二日至廿四日
寒露	天氣由涼轉寒，人在早晚接觸晨露和夜霧，常覺寒意沁心，故名“寒露”	九月初	十月八日至九日
霜降	深秋時天寒地凍、露結為霜，因此得名	九月中	十月廿三日至廿四日
立冬	是冬季的開始，“冬”即“終”的意思，表示一切生物的活動即將告終，準備藏伏避寒，所以叫“立冬”	十月初	十一月七日至八日
小雪	天氣開始寒冷，但還不太冷，雪也不大，所以叫“小雪”	十月中	十一月廿二日至廿三日
大雪	我國大部分地區均已進入嚴冬，強大的寒流籠罩整個黃河流域，大雪紛飛，天地皆白，故謂之“大雪”	十一月初	十二月六日至八日
冬至	這一天，北半球白畫最短，黑夜最長，天氣陰冷到了極點。按傳統習俗，冬至之日，家家戶戶準備一鍋“甜湯圓”，一家大小分吃，有一家團圓之意	十一月中	十二月廿一日至廿三日
小寒	因天氣寒冷而得名。此時我國大陸一大半都是冰天雪地	十二月初	一月五日至七日
大寒	雖然距“立春”不遠，但氣溫卻是一年之中最低的	十二月中	一月二十日至廿一日

Geotechnical Control for Slopes and Retaining Walls

Geotechnical Technical Policy in HK
A. Public Works Control
Reference: Development Bureau Technical Circulars (Works)

PWDTC No. 13/78	Compaction of New Fill Slopes
WBTC No. 13/90	Ground Investigation
WBTC No. 10/91	Monitoring and Maintenance of Horizontal Drains
WBTC No. 25/93 Appendix A	Control of Visual Impact of Slopes Appendix A - Practice Note on Control of Visual Impact of Slopes
WBTC No. 09/94 Appendix A	Restrictions on the Use of Hand-dug Caissons for foundations and Geotechnical Works Appendix A - Technical Guidance
WBTC No. 09/96	Standards of Good Practice for Maintenance of Man_made Slopes and Retaining Walls
WBTC No. 03/97 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3	Independent Checking of the Design, Erection, Use and Removal of Temporary Works Appendix 1 - Special Condition of Tender No. Appendix 2 - Special Condition of Contract Appendix 3 - Particular Specification
WBTC No. 13/99	Geotechnical Manual for Slopes - Guidance on Interpretation and Updating Appendix A – Guidance on Interpretation of Geotechnical Manual For Slopes Table 1 - Recommended Minimum Factors of Safety for New Slopes for a Ten-year Return Period Rainfall
WBTC No. 26/99	Maintenance of Man-made Slopes and Emergency Repair on Stability of Land
WBTC No. 09/2000	Registration and Updating of the Catalogue of Slopes Appendix A - Feature Registration System Appendix B - Criteria for Feature Registration
WBTC No. 10/2000	Display of Slope Registration Number on Site by Maintenance Departments
WBTC No. 14/2000	Usage of Public Works Laboratories in Public Works Projects
WBTC No. 15/2000	Funding Arrangement for Public Works Regional Laboratories Operating, Monitoring and Accounting Procedures
WBTC No. 17/2000	Improvement to the Appearance of Slopes
WBTC No. 20/2001	Geotechnical Information Unit
WBTC No. 11/2002	Control of Site Crushers
ETWB TC(W) no. 29/2002 Figure 1	Geotechnical Control for Slopes and Retaining Walls Figure 1 - Boundaries of GEO District Divisions
ETWB TC(W) no. 29/2002A	Geotechnical Control for Slopes and Retaining Walls
ETWB TC(W) no. 19/2003 Appendix A	Review of Preliminary Design Before Proceeding with the Detailed Design
ETWB TC(W) no. 24/2003	Permanent Reinforced Fill Structures and Slopes
ETWB TC(W) no. 28/2003	Protection of Harbour Area Treatment Scheme Stage I Sewage Tunnels
ETWB TC(W) no. 04/2004	Checking of Foundation Works in the Scheduled Areas of Northwest New Territories and Ma On Shan and the Designated Area of Northshore Lantau
ETWB TC(W) no. 16/2004	The Use of Permanent Prestressed Ground Anchors in Government Projects
ETWB TC(W) no. 20/2004	GEO Checking Certificate for Slopes and Retaining Walls
ETWB TC(W) no. 13/2005	Prescriptive Measures for Stabilisation and Improvement of Man-made Slopes and Standardised Debris-resisting Barriers for Mitigation of Natural Terrain Landslide Hazards
ETWB TC(W) No. 15/2005	Geotechnical Control for Tunnel Works Appendix A - Geotechnical Design Submission for Tunnel Works

B. Building Control
Reference: PNAPs, CoPs, BO and BRs

ADM-6 or PNAP 79	Computer Programs for Use in Structural and Geotechnical Design
ADM-7 or PNAP 104	Geotechnical Information Unit
APP-15 or PNAP 55	Site Formation - Temporary or Permanent Filling Work (Appendix A)
APP-17 or PNAP 61	Rock Faces - Building (Planning) Regulations 27 & 47 (Appendix)
APP-18 or PNAP 66	Pile Foundations
APP-22 or PNAP 74	Dewatering in Foundation and Basement Excavation Works
APP-25 or PNAP 78	Requirements for a Geotechnical Assessment at General Building Plan Stage - Building (Administration) Regulation 8(1)(ba)
APP-28 or PNAP 83	Requirements for Qualified Supervision of Site Formation Works, Excavation Works, Foundation Works on Sloping Ground, and Ground Investigation Works in the Scheduled Areas – Buildings Ordinance Section 17
APP-30 or PNAP 85	Development in Mid-levels Scheduled Area - Buildings Ordinance section 2(1), Building (Administration) Regulation 8(1)(bb)(vii) and 8(1)(1)
APP-49 or PNAP 132	Site Investigation and Ground Investigation
APP-51 or PNAP 137	Monitoring and Maintenance of Horizontal Drains (Appendix A)
APP-54 or PNAP 142	Retaining Walls - Building (Construction) Regulations 1992 - Part XIII (Appendix A)
APP-57 or PNAP 148	Requirements for an Excavation and Lateral Support Plan - Building (Administration) Regulation 8(1)(bc)
APP-61 or PNAP 161	Development in the Areas Numbers 2 & 4 of Scheduled Areas
APP-72 or PNAP 178	Control of Blasting
APP-76 or PNAP 183	Keeping Buried Services out of Slopes
APP-79 or PNAP 189	GEOGUIDE 5 - Guide to Slope Maintenance
APP-88 or PNAP 205	Code of Practice on Inspection and Maintenance of Water Carrying Services Affecting Slopes
APP-109 or PNAP 234	Geotechnical Manual for Slopes Guidance on Interpretation and Updating
APP-115 or PNAP 246	Performance Review – Item 6(g)(ii) in Column B, Section 17(1) of the Buildings Ordinance
APP-128 or PNAP 274	Geotechnical Design Information
APP-135 or PNAP 284	Quality Supervision of Soil Nailing Works
APP-137 or PNAP 289	Ground-borne Vibrations Arising from Pile Driving and Similar Operations
APP-140 or PNAP 293	Registration of Authorized Persons and Registered Structural Engineers as Registered Geotechnical Engineers
APP-141 or PNAP 294	Division of Responsibilities between Authorized Person, Registered Structural Engineer and Registered Geotechnical Engineer
ADV-8 or PNAP 168	Registration of Slopes and Retaining Walls
ADV-23 or PNAP 270	Improvement of Visual Appearance and Landscape Treatment for Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls
Code of Practice for Site Supervision 2005	Section 7 - Building works with significant geotechnical content Appendix VII - Qualifications of Competent Person (Logging) and TCPs (GIFW) Appendix VIII - Key Records on Quality Supervision of Soil Nailing Works
Technical Memorandum for Supervision Plans 2005	Table 1 - Minimum supervision requirements for different types of building works or street works

C. GEO Publication
GEO Technical Guidance Notes

TGN1	Technical Guidance Documents
TGN2	Technical Recommendations Arising from Lessons Learnt from Landslides in 1997 and 1998
TGN3	Use of Downhole Geophysical Investigation Methods in Identification of Weak Layers in the Ground
TGN4	Guidelines on Recognition of Geological Features Hosting, and Associated with, Silt- and Clay-rich Layers Affecting the Stability of Cut Slopes in Volcanic and Granitic Rocks
TGN5	Geoguide 2-Guide to Site Investigation Updated Appendix B: Sources of Information
TGN6	Application of Back Analysis Approach to the Design of Slope Preventive or Remedial Works
TGN7	Fill Slope Recompaction - Investigation, Design and Construction Considerations
TGN8	Maintenance Requirements for Natural Terrain Hazard Mitigation Measures
TGN9	Updating of GEO Report No. 56: Application of Prescriptive Measures to Slopes and Retaining Walls
TGN10	Enhancement of Rock Slope Engineering Practice Based on Findings of Landslide Studies
TGN11	Enhancing the Reliability and Robustness of Engineered Soil Cut Slopes
TGN12	The Designated Area of Northshore Lantau
TGN13	Guidelines on the Use of Prescriptive Measures for Rock Cut Slopes
TGN14	Technical Recommendations for Enhancing the Independent Check of Design and Construction Review of Rock Slope Excavation
TGN15	Guidelines for Classification of Consequence-to-Life Category for Slope Features
TGN16	Recommendations Arising from Review of Notable Landslide Incidents During Slope Works (1981 - 2002)
TGN17	Prescriptive Soil Nail Design for Concrete and Masonry Retaining Walls
TGN18	Acceptance of Methods for Quality Control
TGN19	Installation of Soil Nails and Control of Grouting
TGN20	Updating of GEO Publication No. 1/2000 - Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio-engineering for Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls
TGN21	Design of Soil Nail Heads
TGN22	Guidelines on Geomorphological Mapping for Natural Terrain Hazard Studies
TGN23	Good Practice in Design of Steel Soil Nails for Soil Cut Slopes
TGN24	Site Investigation for Tunnel Works
TGN25	Geotechnical Risk Management for Tunnel Works
TGN26	Supplementary Guidelines for Foundation Design in Areas Underlain by Marble and Marble-bearing Rocks
TGN27	Hydraulic Design of Stepped Channels on Slopes

CEDD Technical Circulars
(Selected)

CEDD TC No. 21/2004	Standard Clauses in Consultancy Briefs for Provision of Deliverables in Digital Format
CEDD TC No. 26/2004	Contingency Plan and Risk Assessment
CEDD TC No. 29/2004 (ETWB TC(W) No. 19/2003)	Review of Preliminary Design prior to Proceeding with Detailed Design
CEDD TC No. 04/2008	Public Works Subcommittee Submission
CEDD TC No. 04/2009 (ETWB TC(W) No. 29/2002)	Project Initiation and Technical Feasibility Statement (TFS)
CEDD TC No. 06/2009	Monitoring of Public Works Programme (PWP)

GEO Publications
(Selected in TGN1)

GCO Publication No. 1/90	Review of Design Methods for Excavations
GEO Publication No. 1/93	Review of Granular and Geotextile Filters
GEO Publication No. 1/2000	Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio-engineering for Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls
GEO Publication No. 1/2006	Foundation Design and Construction
GEO Publication No. 1/2007	Engineering Geological Practice in Hong Kong
GEO Publication No. 1/2009	Prescriptive Measures for Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls
Geoguide 2	Guidance on the determination of the location and spacing of the points of exploration is given in Chapter 10 of Geoguide 2

GEO Reports
(Selected)

GEO Report No. 15	Assessment of Stability of Slopes Subjected to Blasting Vibration
GEO Report No. 29	Classification and Zoning of Marble Sites
GEO Report No. 56	Application of Prescriptive Measures to Slopes and Retaining Walls
GEO Report No. 75	Landslides and Boulder Falls from Natural Terrain: Interim Risk Guidelines
GEO Report No. 104	Review of Natural Landslide Debris-Resisting Barrier Design
GEO Report No. 136	Guidelines on Safe Access for Slope Maintenance
GEO Report No. 138	Guidelines for Natural Terrain Hazard Studies
GEO Report No. 182	Use of Standardised Debris-resisting Barriers for Mitigation of Natural Terrain Landslide Hazards

D. Other References

Hong Kong Slope Safety	Download area
Excavation works	Notes on Design of Excavation and Lateral Support Works Using CIRIA Report No. C580 Guide to Trench Excavation, HyD and CEDD
Drainage and Flooding	DSD TC No. 14/2000 - Temporary Flow Diversions and Temporary Works Affecting Capacity in Stormwater Drainage Systems Drainage Impact Assessment: WBTC No. 18/95 for Public Works DSD TC No. 3/95 for Private Works
Geotechnical Submission	Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works, Appendix 4.8 - List of Constituents of a geotechnical submission
Slope Manual	Geotechnical Manual for Slopes, 2nd Edition Highway Slope Manual
Specification for Civil Engineering Works	General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, CEDD
Ranking System	The New Priority Ranking Systems for Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls, SPR4/2009, December 2009, 170p.
Water-carrying services	Code of Practice on Monitoring and Maintenance of Water-Carrying Services Affecting Slopes (2nd Edition), ETWB
Useful websites	Bibliography on the Geology and Geotechnical Engineering of Hong Kong (Interactive online)
	Hong Kong Slope Safety Website
	Slope Maintenance Responsibility Information System, LandsD
	Tidal Information, HKO

Oversea reference:
- Common Minimum Standards in UK